Epithelialization refers to the healing process that takes place by the growth of epithelium over connective tissue. When an oral surgery takes place such as bone grafting or implant placement, the epithelium that covers the gums is cut in order to provide access to the underlying tissues. Once the surgical procedure is complete, healing of the tissues and epithelium is required to prevent infection and to increase the chances of the procedure’s success. As the underlying tissues begin to heal and new growth of the cells takes place to seal the incision, the epithelium also begins to repair itself and new growth and cell division occurs. When healing is complete, a new layer of epithelium has formed over the procedure site. The length of time required for epithelialization to take place may partially depend on factors such as the patient’s oral hygiene, the presence of any pre-existing health conditions or infections, and the type of procedure performed.